The lordship of Bouillon was in the 10th and 11th century one of the core holdings of the Ardennes–Bouillon dynasty, and appears to have been their original patrimonial possession.

The Bouillon estate was a collection of fiefs, allodial land, and other rights. The collection included e.g. the allod villages of Bellevaux, Mogimont, Senseruth, and Assenois, the advocacy of the monastery of Saint-Hubert and Ardennes, and the land to the south of Bouillon, formerly the land of the abbey of Mouzon, now held as a fief of the Archbishop of Reims.

During the 10th and 11th century, the lords of Bouillon also held, for shorter or longer periods, the Duchy of Lower Lorraine, county of Verdun, margraviate of Antwerp, along with many lesser titles.